Abstract Short-duration (1–3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies
through rapidly develo** (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted …

Rainfall on Earth is most intense in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a narrow belt
of clouds centred on average around six degrees north of the Equator. The mean position of …

In late June 2021 a heatwave of unprecedented magnitude impacted the Pacific Northwest
region of Canada and the United States. Many locations broke all-time maximum …

Heat waves are among the deadliest climate hazards. Yet the relative importance of the
physical processes causing their near-surface temperature anomalies (𝑇′)—advection of …

While large‐scale terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) information is essential for our
understanding of the Earth's water and energy cycles, substantial differences exist in current …

Extratropical cyclones are storm systems that are observed to travel preferentially within
confined regions known as storm tracks. They contribute to precipitation, wind and …

In recent decades, the land surface has warmed substantially more than the ocean surface,
and relative humidity has fallen over land. Amplified warming and declining relative humidity …

This study presents a comprehensive inter-comparison between two widely used rainfall
datasets–the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the ERA-Interim …

The measurement and simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has matured rapidly
over the last decade, with long‐term data sets and comprehensive modeling capabilities …

This review surveys the basic theories, observational methods, satellite algorithms, and land
surface models for terrestrial evapotranspiration, E (or λE, ie, latent heat flux), including a …