Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed
rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards …

Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein
localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site …

Super-resolution microscopy techniques, and specifically single-molecule localization
microscopy (SMLM), are approaching nanometer resolution inside cells and thus have great …

Fluorescence nanoscopy uniquely combines minimally invasive optical access to the
internal nanoscale structure and dynamics of cells and tissues with molecular detection …

The emerging inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other
bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and …

Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has
been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to
genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical …

Recently, click chemistry has provided important advances in biomedical research fields.
Particularly, copper-free click chemistry including strain-promoted azide–alkyne …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a newly developed super-resolution technique, allowing
visualization of biological targets at nanoscale resolution on conventional fluorescence …