Pristine graphene has been considered one of the most promising materials because of its
excellent physical and chemical properties. However, various defects in graphene produced …

Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are gaining numerous attention since polarization
detection is important in geological remote sensing, atmospheric monitoring, military recon …

Electronic and spintronic devices rely on the fact that free charge carriers in solids carry
electric charge and spin. There are, however, other properties of charge carriers that might …

Electrons in two-dimensional crystals with a honeycomb lattice structure possess a valley
degree of freedom (DOF) in addition to charge and spin. These systems are predicted to …

A two-dimensional honeycomb lattice harbours a pair of inequivalent valleys in the k-space
electronic structure, in the vicinities of the vertices of a hexagonal Brillouin zone, K±. It is …

The valley degree of freedom of electrons in solids has been proposed as a new type of
information carrier, beyond the electron charge and spin,,,,,. The potential of two …

Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted intense attention because
of its extraordinary properties that make it a suitable material for a wide range of …

Ever since its discovery the notion of Berry phase has permeated through all branches of
physics. Over the past three decades it was gradually realized that the Berry phase of the …

The problem of electron-electron interactions in graphene is reviewed. Starting from the
screening of long-range interactions in these systems, the existence of an emerging Dirac …

Valleys in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides seamlessly connect two basic
carriers of quantum information, namely, the electron spin and photon helicity. Lifting the …