Evolving studies with several different targeted therapeutic agents are demonstrating that
patients with genomic alterations of the target, including amplification, translocation and …

PTEN/PI3K/AKT constitutes an important pathway regulating the signaling of multiple
biological processes such as apoptosis, metabolism, cell proliferation and cell growth. PTEN …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To
identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes …

Previously undescribed prognostic subclasses of high-grade astrocytoma are identified and
discovered to resemble stages in neurogenesis. One tumor class displaying neuronal …

Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we …

Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumour comprising four discrete subgroups.
Here, to identify mutations that drive medulloblastoma, we sequenced the entire genomes of …

CNS deletion of Pten in the mouse has revealed its roles in controlling cell size and number,
thus providing compelling etiology for macrocephaly and Lhermitte-Duclos disease. PTEN …

De novo somatic mutations in focal areas are well documented in diseases such as
neoplasia but are rarely reported in malformation of the develo** brain …

Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway either through loss of
PTEN or mutation of the catalytic subunit α of PI3K (PIK3CA) occurs frequently in human …

PIK3CA is mutated in diverse human cancers, but the functional effects of these mutations
have not been defined. To evaluate the consequences of PIK3CA alterations, the two most …