Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding
effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is …

The large volumes of oily wastewater generated by various industries, such as oil and gas,
food and beverage, and metal processing, need to be de-oiled prior to being discharged into …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology is one of the most important technologies for
water treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads …

Separation of liquid–liquid emulsions is a challenging problem that has gained importance
with the development of unconventional oil resources. Large volumes of water contaminated …

Scale deposits in water systems often result in ample technical and economic problems.
Conventional chemical treatments for scale control are expensive and may cause health …

The growing freshwater scarcity has caused increased use of membrane desalination of
seawater as a relatively sustainable technology that promises to provide long-term solution …

This paper reviews the methods to monitor reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling, either
by characterizing the fouling potential of the feed or by detecting the fouling condition of the …

A major problem for the operation of membrane based water treatment systems is fouling of
the membrane surface. Within industrial modules, such as spiral wound modules, feed …

Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging water treatment technology that employs a
microporous hydrophobic membrane as a physical barrier against liquid feed and utilizes …

Pore wetting is an important failure mechanism unique to membrane distillation (MD). The
existing approach of wetting detection based on distillate conductivity works only when a …