ABSTRACT A covert network channel is a communication channel in which the message is
secretly transmitted to the recipient. Sometimes, covert network channels are vulnerable to …

The advanced development of computer networks and communication technologies has
made covert communications easier to construct, faster, undetectable and more secure than …

As the basic service of the network, the Domain Name System (DNS) is almost never
blocked by the firewall. DNS tunnel takes advantage of this feature of DNS service to …

Many enterprises are under threat of targeted attacks aiming at data exfiltration. To launch
such attacks, in recent years, attackers with their malware have exploited a covert channel …

The domain name system (DNS) plays a vital role in network services for name resolution.
By default, this service is seldom blocked by security solutions. Thus, it has been exploited …

Abstract The Domain Name System (DNS) exfiltration is an activity in which an infected
device sends data to the attacker's server by encoding it in DNS request messages …

Data exfiltration over the DNS protocol and its detection have been researched extensively
in recent years. Prior studies focused on offline detection methods, which although capable …

Abstract Domain Name System (DNS) is a fundamental protocol and backbone of the
internet that translates domain names to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Initially, it was only …

Open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools are used for gathering information using different
publicly available sources. With the rapid advancement in information technology and …

In recent years, attacks on the DNS continue to proliferate due to the lack of security
mechanisms. DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a standard developed for encrypting plaintext DNS …