The first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly characterized by recurrent
mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at residues K417, L452, E484, N501 and P681 …

There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during the pandemic thanks to the …

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the need to update COVID-19
vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by vaccination based on the …

The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Omicron sublineages, including the BA. 2-derived BA. 2.75. 2 and the BA. 5-derived BQ. 1.1 …

Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to a rapid and simultaneous emergence of
numerous variants that display growth advantages over BA. 5 (ref.). Despite their divergent …

The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence of BA. 2.86/JN. 1
lineage replacing XBB, necessitates re-evaluation of vaccine compositions 1–3. Here, we …

Host–pathogen interactions and pathogen evolution are underpinned by protein–protein
interactions between viral and host proteins. An understanding of how viral variants affect …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) XBB lineages have
achieved dominance worldwide and keep on evolving. Convergent evolution of XBB …

T cell responses play an important role in protection against beta-coronavirus infections,
including SARS-CoV-2, where they associate with decreased COVID-19 disease severity …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages have
escaped most receptor-binding domain (RBD)-targeting therapeutic neutralizing antibodies …