Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence of BA. 2.86/JN. 1
lineage replacing XBB, necessitates re-evaluation of vaccine compositions 1–3. Here, we …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) XBB lineages have
achieved dominance worldwide and keep on evolving. Convergent evolution of XBB …

Understanding immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection will facilitate the development of next-generation …

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is jeopardizing the effectiveness of current
vaccines and limiting the application of monoclonal antibody-based therapy for COVID-19 …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant JN. 1 recently emerged as the
dominant variant despite having only one amino acid change on the spike (S) protein …

Despite the vast diversity of the antibody repertoire, infected individuals often mount
antibody responses to precisely the same epitopes within antigens. The immunological …

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies play a critical role in COVID-19 prevention and
treatment but are challenged by viral evolution and the emergence of novel escape variants …

Global research to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the isolation and
characterization of thousands of human antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein …