Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Major challenges in biofabrication revolve around capturing the complex, hierarchical
composition of native tissues. However, individual 3D printing techniques have limited …

Senescence, a persistent form of cell-cycle arrest, is often associated with a diverse
secretome, which provides complex functionality for senescent cells within the tissue …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

The influence of the microenvironment on tumour progression is becoming clearer. In this
Review we address the role of an essential signalling pathway, that of transforming growth …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity
for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an …

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a valuable cell source for tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can promote …

Objective—We previously showed that cholesterol loading in vitro converts mouse aortic
vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from a contractile state to one resembling …

This review describes the historical emergence of the concept of bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), summarizing data on Wolf and Trentin's hematopoietic …