Successful establishment of infection by bacterial pathogens requires adhesion to host cells,
colonization of tissues, and in certain cases, cellular invasion—followed by intracellular …

Bacterial adhesion is the initial step in colonization and biofilm formation. Biofilms can, on
the one hand, be detrimental to both human life and industrial processes, for example …

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane layer which constrains uptake and
secretion of solutes and polypeptides. To overcome this barrier, bacteria have developed …

Genes encoding type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are widely distributed in pathogenic Gram-
negative bacterial species. In Vibrio cholerae, T6SS have been found to secrete three …

Pathogenic microorganisms have to face hostile environments while colonizing and
infecting their hosts. Unfortunately, they can cope with it and have evolved a number of …

Laminin (Ln) and collagen are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in
cellular morphogenesis, cell signalling, tissue repair and cell migration. These proteins are …

Autotransport in Gram-negative bacteria denotes the ability of surface-localized proteins to
cross the outer membrane (OM) autonomously. Autotransporters perform this task with the …

Protein secretion is a basic cellular function found in organisms of all kingdoms of life. Gram-
negative bacteria have evolved a remarkable number of pathways for the transport of …

The capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to host cells and avoid clearance by
the host immune system is the initial and most decisive step leading to infections. Bacteria …

The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is
the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to …