Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐
being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as …

Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune
system, and more than 100 cytokines have hitherto been identified in humans. Cytokines …

Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

Cytokines, produced at the site of entry of a pathogen, drive inflammatory signals that
regulate the capacity of resident and newly arrived phagocytes to destroy the invading …

The decline in the fisheries of traditional marine species has been an incentive for the
diversification of today's aquaculture sector into the intensive rearing of many finfish species …

Interleukins are a subgroup of cytokines, molecules involved in the intercellular regulation of
the immune system. The term interleukin was first coined in 1979 to refer to molecules that …

Cytokines are important regulators of immune system and finding these genes in fish have
potential applications for the development of vaccines and or immunostimulants for …

Like mammalian leucocytes, white blood cells of fish are able to kill altered (eg virus-
infected) and foreign (allogeneic or xenogeneic) cells. The existence of natural killer (NK) …

The main function of the immune system is to maintain the organism's homeostasis when
invaded by foreign material or organisms. Prior to successful elimination of the invader it is …