In this paper a new passive optical fiber sensor depends on surface plasmon resonance
(SPR) decorate by fabricating a configuration on metal-dielectric materials. A single-mode …

Recently, the advancement of remote sensing technology played a key role in urban
land/cover map**, planning, tourism, and environmental management. Images with a high …

We propose and demonstrate a novel passive optical-fiber sensor based on surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) by fabricating a configuration on metal-dielectric materials. We …

Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most emerging countries. In Iraq and
in the capital city (Baghdad). Active socioeconomic progress and political stability have …

The optical fiber ring enhanced detection technology is used to demonstrate a surface
plasmon resonance sensing system. The optical fiber sensor has an extended detection …

Composite steel wall structures with concrete have been broadly applied in engineering,
and self‐compacting concrete with high fluidity is usually employed for the concrete …

In times of water scarcity, groundwater is a vital resource that provides an alternate source of
water for human consumption. In Iraq, the quality of rivers has been greatly affected by …

In spite of, the importance of sustainability, and its concept and protection begun in the
1970s. Yet, with framework for action 2005-2025, it integrated risk prevention strategies into …

The purpose of this research was to assess the spatial-temporal dynamics of urbanization
with respect to population growth in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania, as a response to rapid …