An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems

KS Makarova, YI Wolf, OS Alkhnbashi… - Nature reviews …, 2015‏ - nature.com
The evolution of CRISPR–cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and
bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus …

CRISPR-Cas: adapting to change

SA Jackson, RE McKenzie, RD Fagerlund, SN Kieper… - Science, 2017‏ - science.org
BACKGROUND The arms race between prokaryotes and their perpetually evolving
predators has fueled the evolution of a defense arsenal. The so-called CRISPR-Cas …

Annotation and classification of CRISPR-Cas systems

KS Makarova, EV Koonin - CRISPR: methods and protocols, 2015‏ - Springer
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-
associated proteins) is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that is represented in most …

Unravelling the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPR–Cas systems

J Van Der Oost, ER Westra, RN Jackson… - Nature Reviews …, 2014‏ - nature.com
Bacteria and archaea have evolved sophisticated adaptive immune systems, known as
CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR …

CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea

R Sorek, CM Lawrence… - Annual review of …, 2013‏ - annualreviews.org
Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and
neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in …

The tracrRNA and Cas9 families of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity systems

K Chylinski, A Le Rhun, E Charpentier - RNA biology, 2013‏ - Taylor & Francis
CRISPR-Cas is a rapidly evolving RNA-mediated adaptive immune system that protects
bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements. The system relies on the activity of …

Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems

K Chylinski, KS Makarova, E Charpentier… - Nucleic acids …, 2014‏ - academic.oup.com
The CRISPR-Cas systems of archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity are classified into
three types that differ by the repertoires of CRISPR-associated (cas) genes, the organization …

crRNA and tracrRNA guide Cas9-mediated DNA interference in Streptococcus thermophilus

T Karvelis, G Gasiunas, A Miksys, R Barrangou… - RNA biology, 2013‏ - Taylor & Francis
The Cas9-crRNA complex of the Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710 CRISPR3-Cas
system functions as an RNA-guided endonuclease with crRNA-directed target sequence …

CRISPR interference directs strand specific spacer acquisition

DC Swarts, C Mosterd, MWJ Van Passel, SJJ Brouns - PloS one, 2012‏ - journals.plos.org
Background CRISPR/Cas is a widespread adaptive immune system in prokaryotes. This
system integrates short stretches of DNA derived from invading nucleic acids into genomic …

Cas9 function and host genome sampling in Type II-A CRISPR–Cas adaptation

Y Wei, RM Terns, MP Terns - Genes & development, 2015‏ - genesdev.cshlp.org
To acquire the ability to recognize and destroy virus and plasmid invaders, prokaryotic
CRISPR–Cas systems capture fragments of DNA within the host CRISPR locus. Our results …