When individuals of two species interact, they can adjust their phenotypes in response to
their respective partner, be they antagonists or mutualists. The reciprocal phenotypic change …

▪ Abstract Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity is widespread in nature and includes
variation in life history, morphology, and behavior. In organisms with complex life histories …

Amphibian tadpoles display extensive anti-predator phenotypic plasticity, reducing
locomotory activity and, with chronic predator exposure, develo** relatively smaller trunks …

Metamorphosis has intrigued biologists for a long time as an extreme form of complex life
cycles that are ubiquitous in animals. While investigated from a variety of perspectives, the …

Natural selection is an important driver of microevolution. Yet, despite significant theoretical
debate, we still have a poor understanding of how selection operates on interacting traits (ie …

In many amphibian larvae a suite of morphological and behavioural characters varies
together in an induced defence against predators, but it remains unclear which features are …

Many tadpoles respond to insect predators by develo** deeper, and sometimes longer,
tails. It has been assumed that the larger tail enhances aspects of swimming performance …

Fish introductions are considered one of the most widespread anthropogenic threats to
aquatic ecosystems. Their negative impact on native amphibian communities has received …

Predators can cause a shift in both density and frequency of a prey phenotype that may lead
to phenotypic divergence through natural selection. What is less investigated is that …

Abstract Models of defence against multiple enemies predict that specialized responses to
each enemy should evolve only under restrictive conditions. Nevertheless, tadpoles of Rana …