The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton play important roles in the life cycle of every virus.
During attachment, internalization, endocytosis, nuclear targeting, transcription, replication …

As a member of the retrovirus family, HIV-1 packages its RNA genome into particles and
replicates through a DNA intermediate that integrates into the host cellular genome. The …

The 5′-leader of the HIV-1 genome regulates multiple functions during viral replication via
mechanisms that have yet to be established. We developed a nuclear magnetic resonance …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is a highly regulated process
requiring the recruitment of viral and cellular components to the plasma membrane for …

The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a central mediator of innate and
adaptive immunity. Genetic variations within IRF5 are associated with a risk of systemic …

HIV infection of macrophages is a critically important component of viral pathogenesis and
progression to AIDS. Although the virus follows the same life cycle in macrophages and T …

During assembly of HIV-1 particles in infected cells, the viral Pr55Gag protein (or Gag
precursor) must select the viral genomic RNA (gRNA) from a variety of cellular and viral …

Members of the family Retroviridae are important animal and human pathogens. Being
obligate parasites, their replication involves a series of steps during which the virus hijacks …

Virus replication and virus assembly often occur in virus inclusions or virus factories that
form at pericentriolar sites close to the microtubule organizing center or in specialized …

Retroviral Gag proteins are membrane‐bound polyproteins that are necessary and sufficient
for virus‐like particle (VLP) formation. It is not known how Gag traffics through the cell or how …