Earth's Van Allen radiation belts: From discovery to the Van Allen Probes era

W Li, MK Hudson - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space …, 2019‏ - Wiley Online Library
Discovery of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts by instruments flown on Explorer 1 in 1958
was the first major discovery of the Space Age. The observation of distinct inner and outer …

Energetic electron precipitation driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves from ELFIN's low altitude perspective

V Angelopoulos, XJ Zhang, AV Artemyev… - Space Science …, 2023‏ - Springer
We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-
driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron …

The challenge of machine learning in space weather: Nowcasting and forecasting

E Camporeale - Space weather, 2019‏ - Wiley Online Library
The numerous recent breakthroughs in machine learning make imperative to carefully
ponder how the scientific community can benefit from a technology that, although not …

Space weather effects in the Earth's radiation belts

DN Baker, PJ Erickson, JF Fennell, JC Foster… - Space Science …, 2018‏ - Springer
The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

Particle dynamics in the Earth's radiation belts: Review of current research and open questions

JF Ripoll, SG Claudepierre… - Journal of …, 2020‏ - Wiley Online Library
The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

Origins of the ambient solar wind: implications for space weather

SR Cranmer, SE Gibson, P Riley - Space Science Reviews, 2017‏ - Springer
The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar
plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our …

Penetration of MeV electrons into the mesosphere accompanying pulsating aurorae

Y Miyoshi, K Hosokawa, S Kurita, SI Oyama… - Scientific Reports, 2021‏ - nature.com
Pulsating aurorae (PsA) are caused by the intermittent precipitations of magnetospheric
electrons (energies of a few keV to a few tens of keV) through wave-particle interactions …

A Quarter Century of Wind Spacecraft Discoveries

LB Wilson III, AL Brosius, N Gopalswamy… - 2021‏ - Wiley Online Library
The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA's
Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO)—a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the …

[HTML][HTML] The Sun and space weather

N Gopalswamy - Atmosphere, 2022‏ - mdpi.com
The explosion of space weather research since the early 1990s has been partly fueled by
the unprecedented, uniform, and extended observations of solar disturbances from space …

Relativistic electron model in the outer radiation belt using a neural network approach

X Chu, D Ma, J Bortnik, WK Tobiska, A Cruz… - Space …, 2021‏ - Wiley Online Library
We present a machine‐learning‐based model of relativistic electron fluxes> 1.8 MeV using a
neural network approach in the Earth's outer radiation belt. The Outer RadIation belt …