Metastasis, involving the spread of systemic cancer to the brain, results in neurologic
disability and death. Current treatments are largely palliative in nature; improved therapeutic …

Background and purpose While the combination of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is becoming more widely used in the treatment of brain …

Purpose To characterize the effect of concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery–stereotactic
radiation therapy (SRS-SRT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors on patient outcomes and …

Several inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-
L1) have been approved as a form of immunotherapy for multiple cancers. Ionizing radiation …

Immunotherapy strategies targeting the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-
L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway in clinical treatments have achieved …

Objectives: Common origins for brain metastases (BMs) are melanoma, lung, breast, and
renal cell cancers. BMs account for a large share of morbidity and mortality caused by these …

Immune checkpoint blockade with PD-(L) 1 antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of
advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Similarly, the identification and targeting of …

Background A combination of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell
death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors and radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly being used to treat …

Brain metastases (BrMs) are associated with significant morbidity and are found in up to
50% of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most of the literature …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the management of advanced non–
small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most pivotal phase III trials systematically …