Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action,
mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including …

Placental tissues encompass all the tissues which support fetal development, including the
placenta, placental membrane, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid. Since the 1990s there has …

Introduction The pro‐and anti‐inflammatory cytokines play crucial role in the development
and functions of placenta. Any changes in these cytokines may be associated with many …

IL6 is a multifunctional cytokine with pivotal roles in the inflammatory response and in
directing T cell differentiation in adaptive immunity. IL6 is widely expressed in the female …

The elaboration of cytokines, chemokines and immunomodulatory proteins in the placenta
and gestational membranes has been extensively investigated in the context of both normal …

Preeclampsia (PE) is an important, common, and dangerous complication of pregnancy; it
causes maternal and perinatal illness and is responsible for a high proportion of maternal …

The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleiotropic roles during fetal growth. It
separates the maternal and fetal circulation, with which it is in contact through different …

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone not only with an important role in the central control
of energy metabolism, but also with many pleiotropic effects in different physiological …

Inflammatory disorders account for a significant percentage of gynecologic disease,
particularly in reproductive age women. Inflammation is a basic method by which we …

In an earlier, companion, review, we concluded that cytokines produced by the placenta and
associated membranes are likely to be involved in control of the processes of implantation …