RAS-targeted therapies: is the undruggable drugged?

AR Moore, SC Rosenberg, F McCormick… - Nature reviews Drug …, 2020 - nature.com
Abstract RAS (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated gene family in
cancers, and, consequently, investigators have sought an effective RAS inhibitor for more …

Molecular dynamics simulations in drug discovery and pharmaceutical development

OMH Salo-Ahen, I Alanko, R Bhadane, AMJJ Bonvin… - Processes, 2020 - mdpi.com
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become increasingly useful in the modern drug
development process. In this review, we give a broad overview of the current application …

Direct small-molecule inhibitors of KRAS: from structural insights to mechanism-based design

JML Ostrem, KM Shokat - Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2016 - nature.com
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer. In addition to holding this
distinction, unsuccessful attempts to target this protein have led to the characterization of …

[HTML][HTML] The current understanding of KRAS protein structure and dynamics

T Pantsar - Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 2020 - Elsevier
One of the most common drivers in human cancer is the mutant KRAS protein. Not so long
ago KRAS was considered as an undruggable oncoprotein. After a long struggle, however …

KRAS dimerization impacts MEK inhibitor sensitivity and oncogenic activity of mutant KRAS

C Ambrogio, J Köhler, ZW Zhou, H Wang, R Paranal… - Cell, 2018 - cell.com
The mechanism by which the wild-type KRAS allele imparts a growth inhibitory effect to
oncogenic KRAS in various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is poorly …

Ras conformational ensembles, allostery, and signaling

S Lu, H Jang, S Muratcioglu, A Gursoy, O Keskin… - Chemical …, 2016 - ACS Publications
Ras proteins are classical members of small GTPases that function as molecular switches by
alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. Ras activation is …

Inhibition of RAS function through targeting an allosteric regulatory site

R Spencer-Smith, A Koide, Y Zhou, RR Eguchi… - Nature chemical …, 2017 - nature.com
RAS GTPases are important mediators of oncogenesis in humans. However,
pharmacological inhibition of RAS has proved challenging. Here we describe a functionally …

Lipid-sorting specificity encoded in K-Ras membrane anchor regulates signal output

Y Zhou, P Prakash, H Liang, KJ Cho, AA Gorfe… - Cell, 2017 - cell.com
K-Ras is targeted to the plasma membrane by a C-terminal membrane anchor that
comprises a farnesyl-cysteine-methyl-ester and a polybasic domain. We used quantitative …

Extracellular-regulated kinases: signaling from Ras to ERK substrates to control biological outcomes

ST Eblen - Advances in cancer research, 2018 - Elsevier
The extracellular-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are evolutionarily conserved,
ubiquitous serine–threonine kinases that are involved in regulating cellular signaling in both …

Consensus on the RAS dimerization hypothesis: Strong evidence for lipid-mediated clustering but not for G-domain-mediated interactions

DK Simanshu, MR Philips, JF Hancock - Molecular cell, 2023 - cell.com
One of the open questions in RAS biology is the existence of RAS dimers and their role in
RAF dimerization and activation. The idea of RAS dimers arose from the discovery that RAF …