Auxin, one of the first identified and most widely studied phytohormones, has been and will
remain a hot topic in plant biology. After more than a century of passionate exploration, the …

Plant hormones are a group of small signaling molecules produced by plants at very low
concentrations that have the ability to move and function at distal sites. Hormone …

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed
dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an …

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for plants, which plays an important role in
photosynthesis, respiration and antioxidant system. It is a vital component of many enzymes …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against
pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis …

Organisms have evolved under gravitational force, and many sense the direction of gravity
by means of statoliths in specialized cells. In flowering plants, starch-accumulating plastids …

Auxins are pivotal plant hormones that regulate plant growth and transmembrane polar
auxin transport (PAT) direct patterns of development. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) family of …

The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the
history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the …

Drought is a major environmental stress limiting crop yields worldwide. Upland rice (Oryza
sativa) has evolved complex genetic mechanisms for adaptative growth under drought …

Auxins, a group of central hormones in plant growth and development, are transported by a
diverse range of transporters with distinct biochemical and structural properties. This review …