Heavy metals (HMs) are affected by natural and human activities and contaminate the soil
environment, endanger plant growth and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. HMs …

Iron (Fe) deficiency and toxicity are the most widely prevalent soil-related micronutrient
disorders in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Progress in rice cultivars with improved tolerance has …

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms but can lead to cytotoxicity when
present in excess. Fe toxicity often occurs in rice grown in submerged paddy fields with low …

Heavy metal toxicity (HMT) is a major threat to agriculture production and productivity
worldwide; it affects the yield potential of the major food crops. It impairs the plant's …

Iron (Fe) is essential for life, but in excess can cause oxidative cytotoxicity through the
generation of Fe-catalyzed reactive oxygen species. It is yet unknown which genes and …

Large areas of lowlands within tidal deltas have been reclaimed for crop production in
Indonesia. However, major production constraints such as floods, seawater intrusion from …

Soils of large areas of the globe are affected by deficiency or toxicity of iron (Fe), making it
one of the major limitations to higher productivity of rice. Deficiency of Fe, an essential …

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for almost all organisms. However, free Fe within cells can
lead to damage to macromolecules and oxidative stress, making Fe concentrations tightly …

Introduction Toxicity due to excess soil iron (Fe) is a significant concern for rice cultivation in
lowland areas with acidic soils. Toxic levels of Fe adversely affect plant growth by disrupting …

Fe is a trace element considered to be essential for rice, and it drives several metabolic
processes. Fe toxicity occurs due to excessive Fe ions (Fe 2+) and which, disturb cellular …