In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent
droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature …

Global warming in this century increases incidences of various abiotic stresses restricting
plant growth and productivity and posing a severe threat to global food production and …

The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in leaves reduces photosynthetic capacity by degrading
photosynthetic pigments, reducing photosystem II activity, and producing reactive oxygen …

Plant abiotic stresses endanger crop production and food security to a growing degree
under the present climate change scenario. This calls for effective measures to be deployed …

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious environmental issue causing a significant reduction in
crop growth and productivity globally. Trehalose (Tre) has emerged as an important …

Salt stress is one of the leading threats to crop growth and productivity across the globe. Salt
stress induces serious alterations in plant physiological, metabolic, biochemical functioning …

Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress
adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining …

Heavy metal (HM) contamination is a serious concern across the globe, and in recent times,
HMs' intensity has significantly increased, posing a serious threat to crop growth and …

Salinity and metal stress are significant abiotic factors that negatively influence plant growth
and development. These factors lead to diminished agricultural yields on a global scale …

Heat stress (HS) is a serious environmental stress that negatively affects crop growth and
productivity across the globe. The recent increase in atmospheric temperature caused by …