Land surface models (LSMs) are a vital tool for understanding, projecting, and predicting the
dynamics of the land surface and its role within the Earth system, under global change …

Soil, through its various functions, plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems and provides
multiple ecosystem services to humanity. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are simple to …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Core Ideas The numerical solution of Richards' equation remains challenging. Space/time
discretization affects both computational effort and accuracy. Adaption of space and time …

Great advances have been made in the last decade in quantifying and understanding the
spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) with ground …

Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly
between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation …

Global hydrology has come a long way since the first introduction of the primitive land
surface model of Manabe (1969) and the declaration of the “Emergence of Global …

Soil moisture is a key variable of the climate system. It constrains plant transpiration and
photosynthesis in several regions of the world, with consequent impacts on the water …

The Pliocene epoch has great potential to improve our understanding of the long-term
climatic and environmental consequences of an atmospheric CO 2 concentration near∼ …