Genome-scale stoichiometric modeling of metabolism has become a standard systems
biology tool for modeling cellular physiology and growth. Extensions of this approach are …

Intratumor heterogeneity has been widely reported in human cancers, but our knowledge of
how this genetic diversity emerges over time remains limited. A central challenge in studying …

What happens in early, still undetectable human malignancies is unknown because direct
observations are impractical. Here we present and validate a'Big Bang'model, whereby …

How do growing bacterial colonies get their shapes? While colony morphogenesis is well
studied in two dimensions, many bacteria grow as large colonies in three-dimensional (3D) …

Intestinal stem cells, characterized by high Lgr5 expression, reside between Paneth cells at
the small intestinal crypt base and divide every day. We have carried out fate map** of …

Bacteria frequently live in densely populated surface-bound communities, termed biofilms [1–
4]. Biofilm-dwelling cells rely on secretion of extracellular substances to construct their …

Cancer progression is driven by the accumulation of a small number of genetic alterations.
However, these few driver alterations reside in a cancer genome alongside tens of …

In cycling tissues that exhibit high turnover, tissue maintenance and repair are coordinated
by stem cells. But, how frequently stem cells are replaced following differentiation, aging or …

Evolution is the fundamental physical process that gives rise to biological phenomena. Yet it
is widely treated as a subset of population genetics, and thus its scope is artificially limited …

Mixing efficiency at low Reynolds numbers can be enhanced by exploiting hydrodynamic
instabilities that induce heterogeneity and disorder in the flow. The unstable displacement of …