It is often assumed that government-sponsored election violence increases the probability
that incumbent leaders remain in power. Using cross-national data, this article shows that …

Recent research suggests that intimidating voters and electoral clientelism are two
strategies on the menu of manipulation, often used in conjunction. We do not know much …

A considerable literature examines the effect of voter information on candidate strategies
and voter–politician interactions in the develo** world. The voter information literature …

Does electoral integrity affect turnout? And if so, how? We analysed some variables that are
closely related to electoral integrity–government actions, opposition actions, and the context …

Electoral turnout in Iraq is a puzzling phenomenon. Despite the country's lack of a
democratic past, undeveloped party system, volatile political alliances, inexperienced voters …

The argument that Nigerian elections are characterized by electoral irregularities since the
commencement of present democratic engagement in 1999 has not been sufficiently …

Studies of electoral violence find that electoral competition accounts for why and where
violence occurs. The article suggests that political appointments are used by regimes to …

This dissertation is a study of local-level variation in electoral violence. Kenya has
experienced recurring and large-scale violence, yet there are striking differences in the sites …

This dissertation addresses one of the main puzzles concerning elections in young
democracies: Why do undecided voters receive so little attention in parties' election …

This article is the first, to our knowledge, to examine the conditions under which strategies of
election violence to help incumbent leaders stay in power. We argue that election violence is …