Highlights•Cities are a centers of demand for ecosystem services and with projected
doubling of urban populations there will be an accelerating demand of these …

Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep
roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use …

Scholars in urban political ecology, urban geography, and planning have suggested that
urban greening interventions can create elite enclaves of environmental privilege and green …

Urban ecology is a field encompassing multiple disciplines and practical applications and
has grown rapidly. However, the field is heterogeneous as a global inquiry with multiple …

Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples
include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination …

A framework is constructed for how to relate ecosystem services to environmental justice.
The benefits humans and society can derive from biophysical processes cannot be viewed …

They may influence us as individuals by their encouragement and guidance; they may affect
their community through their untiring commitment to service and the greater good; or they …

In a time of increasing urbanization, the fundamental value of conserving urban biodiversity
remains controversial. How much of a fixed budget should be spent on conservation in …

Although the geographical context of ecological observations shapes ecological theory, the
global distribution of ecological studies has never been analyzed. Here, we document the …

Urbanization is a global multidimensional process paired with increasing uncertainty due to
climate change, migration of people, and changes in the capacity to sustain ecosystem …