Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spans steatosis through nonalcoholic
steatohepatis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with striking …

Vaccines are among the most impactful public health interventions, preventing millions of
new infections and deaths annually worldwide. However, emerging data suggest that …

Background The serotype-specific effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide
vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal pneumonia has not been established in people …

Non-specific effects (NSE) or heterologous effects of vaccines are proposed to explain
observations in some studies that certain vaccines have an impact beyond the direct …

Background Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A
is an important public health problem, especially in low-income and middle-income …

Biological sex and age have profound effects on immune responses throughout the lifespan
and impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Mounting evidence from …

In this population-based study evaluating the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (2012–2016) to prevent all-cause pneumonia in adults≥ 60 years of age …

Background Mumps remains a major global public health problem. Many studies have
explored the relationship between meteorological factors and mumps, few have …

Active vaccination is an effective therapeutic option to reduce the reinforcing effects of
opioids. Several studies showed that chronic stress affects the immune system decreasing …

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that can potentially cause coronary
artery aneurysms in some children. KD occurs approximately 1.5 times more frequently in …