In 2002, a transmembrane protein—now known as FNDC5—was discovered and shown to
be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. It was virtually ignored for 10 years, until a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory form of arthritis leading to the
progressive bone and joint destruction. Many factors are closely involved in the pathology of …

Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine expressed as a bioactive peptide in multiple tissues
and organs, and exercise and cold exposure are the major inducers for its secretion. Irisin …

Considering high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in patients with
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this study aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms for …

Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease or related conditions also frequently
suffer from osteoporosis as a consequence of changes in the intestinal microenvironment …

Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy
expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise‐responsive myokine, which is produced by …

Background Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome coexisting sarcopenia and osteopenia/
osteoporosis, with a high fracture risk. Recently, skeletal muscle and bone have been …

Human beings lead largely sedentary lives. From an evolutionary perspective, such lifestyle
is not beneficial to health. Exercise can promote many enabling pathways, particularly …

Exercise training promotes physical and bone health, and is the first choice of non-drug
strategies that help to improve the prognosis and complications of many chronic diseases …

Abstract Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory
conditions, characterized by microbial dysbiosis and hyper-immunoinflammatory responses …