Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

Establishing how tectonic plates have moved since deep time is essential for understanding
how Earth's geodynamic system has evolved and operates, thus answering longstanding …

Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT; T max≥ 900° C) metamorphism requires unusually high heat
in continental crust at depths of 15–55 km, but how such extreme thermal conditions are …

The geodynamic processes that formed Earth's earliest continents are intensely debated.
Particularly, the transformation from ancient crustal nuclei into mature Archaean cratons is …

Abstract The Cenozoic Himalaya-Tibet orogen is generally regarded as the archetypal
continental collision zone and is often used as an analogue for interpreting ancient orogenic …

Kimberlites are volatile-rich, occasionally diamond-bearing magmas that have erupted
explosively at Earth's surface in the geologic past,–. These enigmatic magmas, originating …

A total of 4344 magmatic U-Pb ages in the range 2300 to 800 Ma have been compiled from
the Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen along the margin of the Columbia/Nuna …

Extremely voluminous magmatic systems known as large igneous provinces (LIPs)
punctuate Earth's history, and the gases they release plausibly link large-scale geodynamic …

Cyclostratigraphy is an important observational window into the history of the Earth-Moon
system. However, there is limited information from the Mesoproterozoic era (1.0 to 1.6 billion …

Earth's continental crust has grown and been recycled throughout geologic history along
convergent plate margins. The main locus of continental crustal growth is in intra-oceanic …