The skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism.
Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that …

Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks
and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It …

Bioluminescence, the ability to produce light by living organisms, has evolved independently
in numerous lineages across the tree of life. Luminous forms are found in a wide range of …

Predator–prey interactions play a central role in the behavior, ecology, and population
biology of most taxa and are critical in community dynamics. For elasmobranchs, most …

For many of us, the only awareness of bioluminescence—the emission of light by living
organisms—is the sight of fireflies. For others, the magic moment is a “phosphorescent sea,” …

Bioluminescence has often been seen as a spectacular yet uncommon event at sea but
considering the vastness of the deep sea and the occurrence of luminous organisms in this …

This review presents a synthesis of shark bioluminescence knowledge. Up to date,
bioluminescent sharks are found only in Squaliformes, and specifically in Etmopteridae …

Countershading, a vertical luminance gradient from a dark back to a light belly, is perhaps
the most common coloration phenotype in the animal kingdom. Why? We investigated …

The eyes of apex predators, such as the shark, have fascinated comparative visual
neuroscientists for hundreds of years with respect to how they perceive the dark depths of …

Since recently, shark's bioluminescence has been recorded from two Squaliformes families,
the Etmopteridae and Dalatiidae. Pictures of luminescence, light organ morphologies and …