Motile cilia are slender, hair-like cellular appendages that spontaneously oscillate under the
action of internal molecular motors and are typically found in dense arrays. These active …

The flagellar beat of bull spermatozoa and C. Reinhardtii are modelled by a minimal,
geometrically exact, reaction-diffusion system. Spatio-temporal animated patterns describe …

Hydrodynamics of slender flexible filaments plays an important role in biology, human
physiology, locomotion of organisms, as well as biomedical devices. It is, therefore …

Flagellar beating drives sperm through the female reproductive tract and is vital for
reproduction. Flagellar waves are generated by thousands of asymmetric molecular …

Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion in order to propel the surrounding fluid. When
many cilia are located on a surface, their beating can synchronize such that their phases …

The omnipresence of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in biological systems is indisputable—
from the vibration of leaves to the locomotion of fish, to the flying of birds, and to the …

Active matter comprises self-driven units, such as bacteria and synthetic microswimmers,
that can spontaneously form complex patterns and assemble into functional microdevices …

Many eukaryotic microorganisms propelled by multiple flagella can swim very rapidly with
distinct gaits. Here, we model a three-dimensional mutiflagellate swimmer, resembling the …

Biological microfilaments exhibit a variety of synchronization modes. Recent experiments
observed that a pair of isolated eukaryotic flagella, coupled solely via the fluid medium …

To rotate continuously without jamming, the flagellar filaments of bacteria need to be locked
in phase. While several models have been proposed for eukaryotic flagella, the …