It has been generally accepted that a catastrophic breakdown of regulated cellular
homeostasis, known as necrosis, is the mode of cellular injury in various forms of acute renal …

Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is a combination of cellular processes that govern
protein quality control, namely, protein translation, folding, processing, and degradation …

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a progressive glomerular and tubular disease that is
increasingly common in AIDS patients and one of the leading causes of end stage renal …

Microarrays are a new technology used to study global gene expression and to decipher
biological pathways. In the current study, microarrays were used to examine gene …

In solid organ transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is strongly emerging
among other cell therapies due to the positive results obtained in vitro and in vivo as an …

The kidney is one of the main targets of xenobiotic-induced toxicity, but early detection of
renal damage is difficult. Recently, several novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity have been …

Abnormalities in proliferative pathways have been noted in hypertension for over half a
century. They have been proposed by Folkow 1 to be a hallmark of hypertension, leading to …

Background Clusterin (CLU; also known as apolipoprotein J) is an ATP-independent
holdase chaperone that prevents proteotoxicity as a consequence of protein aggregation. It …

Disappearance of microvessels (microvascular rarefaction) during hypertension is a process
that exacerbates the hypertensive condition. The cellular process by which the vessels …

Cellular extrusion is a mechanism that removes dying cells from epithelial tissues to prevent
compromising their barrier function. Extrusion occurs in all observed epithelia in vivo and …