The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and
necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric …

Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-
infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional
vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial …

Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and
immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In …

Biotherapy has recently become a hotspot research topic with encouraging prospects in
various fields due to a wide range of treatments applications, as demonstrated in preclinical …

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as leading vaccine
candidates in a record time. Nonreplicating mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) is one of the most successfully developed
biodegradable polymers. Among the different polymers developed to formulate polymeric …

Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases.
Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of …