Soil is an immense habitat for diverse organisms across the tree of life, but just how many
organisms live in soil is surprisingly unknown. Previous efforts to enumerate soil biodiversity …

Biocatalysis harnesses enzymes to make valuable products. This green technology is used
in countless applications from bench scale to industrial production and allows practitioners …

Studies using 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics typically yield different results, usually
attributed to PCR amplification biases. We introduce Greengenes2, a reference tree that …

Recent advances in microbial ecology and synthetic biology have the potential to mitigate
damage caused by anthropogenic activities that are deleteriously impacting Earth's soil …

Forests influence climate and mitigate global change through the storage of carbon in soils.
In turn, these complex ecosystems face important challenges, including increases in carbon …

Associations between age and the human microbiota are robust and reproducible. The
microbial composition at several body sites can predict human chronological age relatively …

Metagenomes encode an enormous diversity of proteins, reflecting a multiplicity of functions
and activities,. Exploration of this vast sequence space has been limited to a comparative …

Despite advances in sequencing, lack of standardization makes comparisons across studies
challenging and hampers insights into the structure and function of microbial communities …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by disruptions in host–microbiota homoeostasis, but current
treatments exclusively target host inflammatory pathways. To understand how host …

Cell–cell interactions orchestrate organismal development, homeostasis and single-cell
functions. When cells do not properly interact or improperly decode molecular messages …