Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to
placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present …

Over the past decade, sclerochronological research has continued to develop rapidly and is
diversifying with respect to methods, taxa, geographic coverage as well as temporal depth …

The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context
for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the …

Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial
data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have …

The world's oceans are warming at an unprecedented rate, causing dramatic changes to
coastal marine systems, especially coral reefs. We used three complementary ocean …

High‐resolution biogenic and geologic proxies in which one increment or layer is formed per
year are crucial to describing natural ranges of environmental variability in Earth's physical …

Over the past century, the dendrochronology technique of crossdating has been widely used
to generate a global network of tree-ring chronologies that serves as a leading indicator of …

Abstract Coral Ba/Ca is a proxy for seawater barium concentration that varies with upwelling,
terrigenous input, and marine productivity whereas coral Sr/Ca varies with temperature. We …

The coral skeleton barium to calcium ratio (Ba/Ca coral), a proxy for seawater barium
concentrations (Ba SW), has been interpreted as a tracer of upwelling based on the …