The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This
eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed …

Bruce McEwen's discovery of receptors for corticosterone in the rat hippocampus introduced
higher brain circuits in the neuroendocrinology of stress. Subsequently, these receptors …

We previously showed that leptin inhibits bone formation by an undefined mechanism. Here,
we show that hypothalamic leptin-dependent antiosteogenic and anorexigenic networks …

A proper response against stressors is critical for survival. In mammals, the stress response
is primarily mediated by secretion of glucocorticoids via the hypothalamic–pituitary …

For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable
treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a …

Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary
(eg, after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

The adrenal hormone corticosterone transcriptionally regulates responsive genes in the
rodent hippocampus through nuclear mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. Via …

Maternal licking and grooming (LG) in infancy influences stress responsiveness and
cognitive performance in the offspring. We examined the effects of variation in the frequency …