Eustatic sea-level changes of the Cretaceous are reevaluated based on a synthesis of
global stratigraphic data. A new terminology for local/regional or relative sea-level changes …

BACKGROUND Although thermal expansion of seawater and melting of mountain glaciers
have dominated global mean sea level (GMSL) rise over the last century, mass loss from the …

The term “tip** point” commonly refers to a critical threshold at which a tiny perturbation
can qualitatively alter the state or development of a system. Here we introduce the term …

This chapter considers changes in global mean sea level, regional sea level, sea level
extremes, and waves. Confidence in projections of global mean sea level rise has increased …

Glaciers and Glaciation is the classic textbook for all students of glaciation. Stimulating and
accessible, it has established a reputation as a comprehensive and essential resource. In …

Multi‐century sea‐level records and climate models indicate an acceleration of sea‐level
rise, but no 20th century acceleration has previously been detected. A reconstruction of …

Previous studies reconstructed twentieth-century global mean sea level (GMSL) from sparse
tide-gauge records to understand whether the recent high rates obtained from satellite …

The oceans are warming. Over the period 1961 to 2003, global ocean temperature has risen
by 0.10 C from the surface to a depth of 700 m. Consistent with the Third Assessment Report …

The Arctic climate is changing. Permafrost is warming, hydrological processes are changing
and biological and social systems are also evolving in response to these changing …

Inter-related and spatially variable climate change factors including sea level rise, increased
storminess, altered precipitation regime and increasing temperature are impacting …