In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks have become a great threat to crowd safety
and society stability. In this paper, evacuation of heterogeneous pedestrians including …

An extended floor field cellular automata model considering pedestrian panic was proposed
to investigate pedestrian dynamics under the threat of artificial attack. In the model, a new …

Occupant evacuation during a building fire is a complex system that includes several highly
coupled subsystems, such as building characteristics, occupant characteristics, fire …

As a global problem, terrorist attacks result in significant casualties and property damage
every year. However, previous studies have focused on the direct casualties inflicted by …

The terrorist attack has been widely modeled, in terms of crowd behavior, complex
environments, attack patterns, and evacuation systems. However, most models are two …

This paper explores the evacuation behavior of crowds during terrorist attacks. We extend a
floor field model for a simulation of dual-role crowds in a three-dimensional (3D) space. In …

In recent years, violent attacks have garnered significant attention from the international
community and gradually evolved into a global issue. In responding to such emergencies …

Conflict during an evacuation may turn into aggressive behavior and create problems for
evacuation. To study the influence of attack behaviors such as pushing and shoving on …

In the process of emergency pedestrian evacuation, higher obstacles in the building will
block the vision of pedestrians, thus affecting the evacuation. Therefore, to study the impact …

Despite the growing interest in macroscopic epidemiological models to deal with threats
posed by pandemics such as COVID-19, little has been done regarding the assessment of …