Urban areas are growing worldwide and alter landscapes in a persistent fashion, thereby
affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination in a little understood way …

Highlights•Threats to urban pollinators include urban intensification, climate change,
pesticides and pollution.•Adding honey bee hives could negatively affect wild pollinators in …

Loss of natural habitat through land‐use change threatens bees. Urbanisation is a major,
increasing form, of habitat loss, and a novel, pervasive form of disturbance known to impact …

Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to
build the honeycombs where to store honey. Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective …

Simple Summary Cities are complex ecosystems that, while generally contributing to an
overall reduction in biodiversity, can support surprisingly unique communities of organisms …

Since the rise of agriculture, human populations have domesticated plant and animal
species to fulfil their needs. With modern agriculture, a limited number of these species has …

Green infrastructure in cities is considered to serve as a refuge for insect pollinators,
especially in the light of an ongoing global decline of insects in agricultural landscapes. The …

Pollination by insects is an essential service for the conservation of plant biodiversity, since it
increases the rate of fertilization of flowers and therefore increases the quality and quantity …

The spatial heterogeneity of urban landscapes, relatively low agrochemical use, and
species-rich floral communities often support a surprising diversity of wild pollinators in …

The increased use of pesticides has caused concern over the possible direct association of
exposure to combinations of these compounds with bee health problems. There is growing …