Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important
ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide …

▪ Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a valuable source of insecticidal proteins for use in
conventional sprayable formulations and in transgenic crops, and it is the most promising …

The Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner expressed in event TC1507 maize
(Zea mays L.) was one of the most effective ways to control Spodoptera frugiperda (JE …

Transgenic maize, Zea mays L., event TC1507 produces the Cry1F protein to provide
protection from feeding by several important lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera …

BACKGROUND Understanding the genetic basis of insect resistance to insecticides can
help to implement insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies. In this study, we …

Abstract The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is widely regarded
as the most important insect defoliator of potatoes. Its current range covers about 16 million …

Evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. Fitness costs of Bt resistance occur …

BACKGROUND The use of spinosyn insecticides is one of the major control strategies of the
fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in Brazil. In this study, we selected a …

BACKGROUND Transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) event TC1507 (Herculex® I insect
protection), expressing Cry1F δ‐endotoxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai …

BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economically important crops in South
America. In Brazil, this species is considered the most destructive pest of maize. Use of …