The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence
regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of …

Background. Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a condition of abnormal placental invasion
encompassing placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and is a major cause of severe …

Metabolism during pregnancy is a dynamic and precisely programmed process, the failure
of which can bring devastating consequences to the mother and fetus. To define a high …

Objective: To review the available prenatal screening options in light of the recent technical
advances and to provide an update of previous guidelines in the field of prenatal screening …

Objectives To determine association, and predictive ability, of first trimester maternal serum
pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) with adverse pregnancy outcomes …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the placental activity of steroid sulfatase (STS), 3β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 1 (3β-HSD-1) and P450 aromatase (P450arom) in polycystic ovarian …

Normal fetal growth is a critical component of a healthy pregnancy and influences the long-
term health of the offspring. However, defining normal and abnormal fetal growth has been a …

ABSTRACT A coordinated sequence of events must occur in order to establish and
successfully maintain a healthy pregnancy. Synchrony between the development of the …

Key recommendations All women should be assessed at booking (by 14 weeks) for risk
factors for fetal growth restriction (FGR) to identify those who require increased surveillance …

Background Preeclampsia is a major global cause of maternal, neonatal and perinatal
mortality. From studies of placental pathophysiology in women with preeclampsia, a …