The gastrointestinal tract has recently come to the forefront of multiple research fields. It is
now recognized as a major source of signals modulating food intake, insulin secretion and …

The gut microbiota can have profound effects on hosts, but the study of these relationships in
humans is challenging. The specialized gut microbial community of honey bees is similar to …

The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the
apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep …

Host specificity is observed in gut symbionts of diverse animal lineages. But how hosts
maintain symbionts while rejecting their close relatives remains elusive. We use eusocial …

Since the discovery of antimicrobial peptide responses 40 years ago, the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster has proven to be a powerful model for the study of innate immunity. Early work …

Insect guts present distinctive environments for microbial colonization, and bacteria in the
gut potentially provide many beneficial services to their hosts. Insects display a wide range …

Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

Honey bee colonies are highly dependent upon the availability of floral resources from
which they get the nutrients (notably pollen) necessary to their development and survival …

The immune system probably evolved to limit the negative effects exerted by pathogens on
host homeostasis. This defence strategy relies on the concerted action of innate and …

Background Map** of orthologous genes among species serves an important role in
functional genomics by allowing researchers to develop hypotheses about gene function in …