Aim Primary forests have high conservation value but are rare in Europe due to historic land
use. Yet many primary forest patches remain unmapped, and it is unclear to what extent they …

The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management
(SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly …

Abstract Tree related Microhabitats (hereafter TreMs) have been widely recognized as
important substrates and structures for biodiversity in both commercial and protected forests …

The variability in the amount and configuration of broad habitat types in the landscape,
together with their structural complexity, influence observed biodiversity patterns. When …

Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) have been identified as key features for forest-dwelling
taxa and are often employed as measures for biodiversity conservation in integrative forest …

In Europe, forest management has controlled forest dynamics to sustain commodity
production over multiple centuries. Yet over‐regulation for growth and yield diminishes …

The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management
to adapt forestry practices to deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview to identify …

National and international forest biodiversity assessments largely rely on indirect indicators,
based on elements of forest structure that are used as surrogates for species diversity …

A substantial amount of literature on the importance of deadwood in Central European
forests has been available providing partial recommendations to enhance deadwood …

Tree microhabitats (cavities, conks of fungi, bark features) play an important role for both
rare and specialized species biodiversity; their preservation should therefore be targeted by …