The concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged from the addition of the time
dimension into the more established additive manufacturing (AM) methods, namely 3D …

3D printing is a rapidly growing research area, which significantly contributes to major
innovations in various fields of engineering, science, and medicine. Although the scientific …

Biocompatible conductive hydrogels are progressively showing great significance in
bioelectronics because of the porous structure, electronic transport capability, tunable …

Various physical tweezers for manipulating liquid droplets based on optical, electrical,
magnetic, acoustic, or other external fields have emerged and revolutionized research and …

Active mechanical metamaterials are emerging materials receiving tremendous attention in
the past decades. Additive manufacturing (AM, or 3D printing) techniques empower the …

Inkjet printing technology is a convenient, high-speed, and high-precision manufacturing
tool, capable of achieving precise printing at both micro and nano scales. Composite …

Flexible electronics have witnessed exciting progress in academia over the past decade, but
most of the research outcomes have yet to be translated into products or gain much market …

Bidirectional interfacing between electrodes and biological systems has enabled
diagnostics and therapeutics in modern medicine; however, the inherent dissimilarity …

Lymph nodes play a pivotal role in tumor progression as key components of the lymphatic
system. However, the unique physiological structure of lymph nodes has traditionally …

Hydrogels are composed of 3D hydrophilic networks with an abundance of water; they are
analogous to biological soft tissues. Their unique physico-chemical properties endow …