Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke, which is
among the most frequent causes of disability and death worldwide. Current treatment …

High heterogeneity of macrophage is associated with its functions in polarization to different
functional phenotypes depending on environmental cues. Macrophages remain in balanced …

Neutrophils are essential for killing bacteria and other microorganisms, and they also have a
significant role in regulating the inflammatory response. Stimulated neutrophils activate their …

Retinitis pigmentosa, caused predominantly by mutations in photoreceptor genes, currently
lacks comprehensive treatment. We discover that retinal microglia contribute non‐cell …

Research into the function of microglia has dramatically accelerated during the last few
years, largely due to recent genetic findings implicating microglia in virtually every …

Microglia, the brain's professional phagocytes, can remove dead and dying neurons as well
as synapses and the processes of live neurons. However, we and others have recently …

Delayed neuronal loss and brain atrophy after cerebral ischemia contribute to stroke and
dementia pathology, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Phagocytic removal of …

Macrophages are present throughout the human body, constitute important immune effector
cells, and have variable roles in a great number of pathological, but also physiological …

Inflammatory neurodegeneration contributes to a wide variety of brain pathologies. A
number of mechanisms by which inflammatory-activated microglia and astrocytes kill …

Phagoptosis, also called primary phagocytosis, is a recently recognised form of cell death
caused by phagocytosis of viable cells, resulting in their destruction. It is provoked by …