Background 'Encephalomyelitis disseminata'(multiple sclerosis) and myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are both classified as diseases of the …

Astrocytes have important functions in the metabolism of the brain. These cells provide
neurons with metabolic substrates for energy production as well as with precursors for …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired glutamate clearance and depressed
Na+/K+ ATPase levels in AD brain that might lead to a cellular ion imbalance. To test this …

The polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, a member of the
TRP channel family, is a calcium-permeable cationic channel that is gated by various stimuli …

Astrocytes were identified about 150 years ago, and, for the longest time, were considered to
be supporting cells in the brain providing trophic, metabolic, and structural support for neural …

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), a rare leukodystrophy
characterized by macrocephaly, subcortical fluid cysts and myelin vacuolation, has been …

Graphene nanosheets are mechanically strong but flexible, electrically conductive and bio-
compatible. Thus, due to these unique properties, they are being intensively studied as …

Glia use multiple mechanisms to mediate potassium fluxes that support neuronal function. In
addition to changes in potassium levels within synapses, these ions are dynamically …

This review focuses on the roles of glia and polyamines (PAs) in brain function and
dysfunction, highlighting how PAs are one of the principal differences between glia and …

Research over the past four decades has highlighted the importance of certain brain cells,
called glial cells, and has moved the neurocentric vision of structure, function, and pathology …