Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms
and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the …

Microalgae have faster growth rates and more free lutein than marigold flowers, the current
source of lutein. However, no commercial lutein production uses microalgae. This review …

The mechanisms underlying the wavelength dependence of the quantum yield for CO2
fixation (α) and its acclimation to the growth-light spectrum are quantitatively addressed …

Carotenoids are, along with chlorophylls, the most abundant pigments found in nature. They
are present in most organisms including humans but can be synthesized only by plants and …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life
on earth by converting light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular …

The precise determination of photosynthetic pigment content in green organisms,
chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars), is important to investigate many photosynthetic …

Isoprenoids represent the oldest class of known low molecular-mass natural products
synthesized by plants. Their biogenesis in plastids, mitochondria and the endoplasmic …

Photosystem II (PSII) is a large multiprotein complex, which catalyses water splitting and
plastoquinone reduction necessary to transform sunlight into chemical energy. Detailed …

The photosystem II (PSII) light-harvesting system carries out two essential functions, the
efficient collection of light energy for photosynthesis, and the regulated dissipation of …