Few topics in geobiology have been as extensively debated as the role of Earth's
oxygenation in controlling when and why animals emerged and diversified. All currently …

Although Ce anomalies are commonly used to reconstruct past seawater redox conditions,
published interpretations are based on various proxy materials and analytical approaches …

The relationship between oxygen and evolution of early eukaryotes including algae and
primitive animals in geological history has been debated, partly due to the varying estimates …

The large-scale dynamics of ocean oxygenation have changed dramatically throughout
Earth's history, in step with major changes in the abundance of O2 in the atmosphere and …

Iron is a remarkable element in its relatively high abundance for its mass and its sensitivity to
(and control of) redox on a planetary scale over geologic time. Numerous volumes have …

Most manganese (Mn) enrichments in the sedimentary rock record are hosted in carbonate
minerals, which are assumed to have formed by diagenetic reduction of precursor Mn …

Anoxic and iron-rich (ferruginous) conditions prevailed in the ocean under the low-oxygen
atmosphere that occurred through most of the Archean Eon. While euxinic conditions (ie …

Many manganese (Mn) carbonate deposits over geologic history are often closely
associated with black shales. However, the mechanism (s) by which the Mn entered the …

Reconstructing Earth's oxygenation history is key to deciphering environmental controls on
early biospheric evolution. During the mid-Proterozoic Eon, low (but potentially variable) …

Oolitic ironstones are iron-rich and chert-poor sedimentary rocks containing concentrically
coated grains composed of iron (oxyhydr) oxides and iron phyllosilicates that offer a unique …