Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein
secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly clear that …

Yersinia enterocolitica, a gram-negative coccobacillus, comprises a heterogeneous group of
bacterial strains recovered from animal and environmental reservoirs. The majority of human …

The 70-kb virulence plasmid enables Yersinia spp.(Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis,
and Y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. It encodes …

Pathogenic bacteria of the species Yersinia, including Yersinia pestis, block phagocytosis by
macrophages. This process involves the YopE protein, which induces disruption of the host …

▪ Abstract Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell death that is required for the
development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In contrast to necrosis, apoptosis …

Quantitative analysis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection of murine gut loops revealed
that significantly more wild-type bacteria associated with Peyer's patch M cells than with …

M cells are specialized epithelial cells of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. A
characteristic of M cells is that they transport antigens from the lumen to cells of the immune …

Pathogenic Yersinia resist uptake by eukaryotic cells by a mechanism involving the
virulence protein YopH, a protein tyrosine phosphatase. We show that p130 Cas and FAK …

We investigated the role of the Salmonella typhimurium fimbrial operon formed by the genes
lpfABCDE in infection of mice. A mutant in lpfC, the gene encoding the fimbrial outer …

It has previously been shown that the plasmid‐encoded YopE protein of Yersinia
pseudotubercuiosis is a virulence determinant. In this study, HeLa cells, macrophages and …