Our ability to make sense of the auditory world results from neural processing that begins in
the ear, goes through multiple subcortical areas, and continues in the cortex. The specific …

Experience shapes the central nervous system throughout life. Structural and functional
plasticity confers a remarkable ability on the brain, allowing neural circuits to adequately …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons influence cortical state, plasticity, learning, and
attention. They collectively innervate the entire cerebral cortex, differentially controlling …

In this article we present a review of current literature on adaptations to altered head-related
auditory localization cues. Localization cues can be altered through ear blocks, ear molds …

Conventionally, sensory systems are viewed as separate entities, each with its own
physiological process serving a different purpose. However, many functions require …

Sensory systems are highly plastic, but the mechanisms of sensory plasticity remain unclear.
People with vision or hearing loss demonstrate significant neural network reorganization …

The basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) provides the primary cholinergic inputs to the cerebral
cortex. Loss of neurons in the BNM is linked to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease and …

All sensory systems face the fundamental challenge of encoding weak signals in noisy
backgrounds. Although discrimination abilities can improve with practice, these benefits …

The brain displays a remarkable capacity for both widespread and region-specific
modifications in response to environmental challenges, with adaptive processes bringing …

Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the cortex is critical for learning, memory, attention, and
plasticity. Here, we explore the cholinergic and noncholinergic projections from the basal …